Sexism is a very controversial topic in our countr Essays - Feminism

Sexism is a very controversial topic in our country and all over the world. It was believed that sexism was typically against women, however with feminists on the rise, men are becoming victims of sexism too. Researchers (Russell and Oswald, 2016) found that past studies have focused primarily on prevalence, incidence and attitudinal correlates of male-to- female harassment. However, it is less known about the number of men that have been sexually harassed. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has recorded increasing rates of men's claims of sexual harassment over the past fifteen years from 11.6% in 1997 to 16.3% in 2011. Male harassment continues to be a lesser known occurrence but these targeted men are equally as devastated (Russell and Oswald, 2016). Sexism is huge when it comes to marketing and the media. More specifically women, but also men, tend to look a certain way in advertisements. Women are very tall, skinny, tanned skin, long silky hair, and usually wearing something provocative. Similarly, men usually are shirtless having very large muscles, a defined abdomen, and tanned skin. Researchers (Plakoyiannaki, Mathioudaki, Dimitratos, and Zotos 2008) found that advertised images from the internet may act as agents that reinforce societal norms regarding gender equality and depiction of sexuality. This claim confirms that online advertising bestows consumers with an identity by communicating role stereotypes of women. These stereotypes are also a matter of discussion in advertising in television and print ads, where body images are distorted and accepted as normal. This is a primary means for introducing female role stereotypes and promoting sexism. Gender identities are socially constructed and advertising suggests forms of self- presentation that people use to define their roles in society (Plakoyiannaki et al., 2008). Even in other countries, sexism is still around. In Italy, (Piano, Marino, Brustia, and Rolle 2014) the women do not suffer from any form of deficiencies, as in living conditions, education, or health care, however they lack opportunity. Females born in Italy do not have the power to express their thoughts and actions. Their opportunity to control their own lives are lower than if Italy was a country with a real social equality. With much research over the last century, women today have exceeded men in education and training, however they are still very much excluded from the opportunities to hold power. Women are clearly underrepresented and under the mark of gender stereotypes when it comes to career opportunities. Even women who study more and are more active in the labour market remain a quarter compared to men, especially in management positions (Piano, Marino, Brustia, and Rolle 2014). There are Spanish organizations that have been focusing on the problems of sex discrimination and gender equality (Royo- Vela, Aldas-Manzano, Kuster, and Vila 2008). Men were typically known as the "bread winners" but this has been greatly modified due to women's effect of decision making. Because of this, it's important that cultural portrayals are kept up with societal changes. At the end of last century, Spanish women had a high unemployment rate which highlights that taking care of the family at home continued to be a woman's responsibility. However, the last two decades have had notable changes in that there was a departure from the traditional family model. These changes were due to both men and women having easier access to educational facilities (Royo- Vela, Aldas-Manzano, Kuster, and Vila 2008). It has been noted that there is sexism towards men, sexism in marketing and the media, sexism in other countries, however the only thing more controversial than sexism itself, is sexism in the workplace. Women have gone from stay-at-home-mothers to lawyers, doctors, police officers, and have even ran for president of the United States. Though, are women being properly compensated for all of their hardwork? Researchers (Fraser, Osborne, and Sibley 2015) found that in 2011 the average gender pay gap estimated at 14.8% which is equivalent to women earning 85 cents for every dollar men earn. Furthermore, it's been reviewed that women are still viewed as incompetent in the workplace compared to their male equivalent. This sexist stereotype hinders women's ability to advance in what is typically male-dominated fields. This discrimination against women in the workplace is an occurrence that greatly delays the chance for a world with gender equality (Fraser, Osborne, and Sibley 2015). As stated, sexism is a very controversial topic. The purpose of this research project is to investigate the effects of sexism by creating a scale to measure sexism. It was predicted that males would probably score higher on the scale than females, but would

The Strength Of Beatty Essays - Fahrenheit 451, Free Essays

The Strength Of Beatty Essays - Fahrenheit 451, Free Essays The Strength of Beatty The book, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, demonstrates how certain people's opinions can influence an issue in this case, the burning of books. Captain Beatty had the greatest influence on public opinion regarding this issue. Beatty illustrates the ability to confuse and to make a person insane, he can control a community of people, and he can frighten people. Beatty is, clearly, the strongest character in the book Fahrenheit 451. One of his influential talents is Beatty's ability to confuse in his arguments. He used this ability to weaken Montag. He once said, "So! A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it. Take the shot from the weapon. Breach mean's mind. Who knows who might be the target of the well-read man? Me? I won't stomach them for a minute." (Pg. 62) These short phrases are bewildering, because they have a very unclear meaning. He also said, "And you shrieked, 'Knowledge is power!' and 'A dwarf on a giant's shoulders sees the farthest of the two!' and I summed my side up with rare serenity in, 'The folly of a mistaking a metaphor for a proof, a torrent of verbiage for a spring of capital truths, and oneself as an oracle, is inborn is us, Mr. Valery once said.'" (Pg. 116) This confused Montag to the point that he almost disclosed his passion for reading books. Beatty has mastered the skill of holding people under his power. Beatty, himself, said, "Knowledge is more than equivalent to force." (Pg. 116) He additionally declared, "I don't think you realize how important we are to our world as it stands now." (Pg. 66) He takes his position to rule the people. By depriving people of books he striped the residents of knowledge and therefore withdrew their power. One of the ways that Beatty controls is with fright. He is very proficient at using fear for control. During his speech he said, "What if a fireman accidentally, really not intending anything, takes a book home with him?" When hearing this, Montag stirred with fright. "We're book burners, too. We burnt books, afraid they'd be found."(Pg. 164) The firemen will not only find the books, but also send the offenders to jail. This gave Beatty significant power. Beatty is the strongest character in Fahrenheit 451. He has the ability to confuse, to gain control, and to frighten. Despite being the bad guy, Beatty is a very influential and powerful character. His opinions significantly shape the characters and actions of the book.

Legal History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal History - Essay Example The law is no longer a fabric of clearly-defined spectrums, but is rather a patchwork quilt of various shades of gray. This framework is important in that it stimulates self-interrogation. It does away with the all-too-convenient givens of a legal system - that there is but one set of "correct" rules and that legal decisions are but logical outcomes of tested principles that are empirically-replicable. This is perhaps the best frame to undertake as we wade through the murky waters of legal history - navigating through Roman and anglo-saxon law; and moving towards and studying the various subtopics such as criminal law and justice, tort and restitution law, and gender law. Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, covering more than one thousand years from the twelve tables to the Corpus Juris Civilis. Animated in large part by the great thinkers of its time, this provides ready example that the law is more a patchwork quilt of the evolving mindsets of the day, than a steady and solid rock. For example, the great thinker Cicero maintains that there was no distinction between that which was morally good and what was useful to man. To quote from Cicero, "Virtue is a habit of the mind, consistent with nature and moderation and reason." [Rhetorical Invention (bk. II, sc. LIII)] Much of this has been influenced by Platonic philosophy which is hinged on moral virtue as practiced by just rulers. As such, the concept of government and duty has underlain much of ancient law and has aided the people of the time in charting their destiny. The interface between law and literature and the arts provides insights into how legal history was shaped during the past. Much of the law was influenced by the cultural milieu of the time. To quote from Green (1929): It is generally understood that the plays of Plautus, based on Greek models and avowedly translations of Greek comedies, have been so adapted for presentation to a Roman audience that they present a mixture of Greek and Roman elements. But the extent to which materials of each kind are used has been the subject of considerable discussion rather wide disagreement. Especially is this true as to the legal questions involved in the questions presented. The law of restitution Another field of law which would demonstrate how the law indeed is borne of subjective experiences and interpretations, rather than fixed principles is the law on restitution. The road towards accepting free acceptance as an iron-clad principle in the law of restitution may appear tantalizing to some, but as many legal scholars have pointed out, it is a road fraught with many dangers. Indeed, even the larger fulcrum on which it rests - the broad concept of unjust enrichment - has been the source of vociferous disagreement. So murky are the waters that judicial acceptance of the concept through the years has been less than overwhelming. The farthest it has reached, according to Hedley (1995) is this: a considerable number of judges now recognize that there is an important subject called restitution and that in general terms, it concerns the removal of benefits that would otherwise unjustly enrich the defendant. It is not difficult to imagine that jurisprudence surrounding the much more limited principle of free acceptance is even narrower. To aspire for universality or even, less